THE ORCHESTRA: A USER'S MANUAL

Introduction Orchestration Orchestration Resources Historical Andrew Hugill
  Philharmonia

WOODWINDS

Solos with or without accompaniment:

Flutes
Oboes
Clarinets
Bassoons
Saxophones

Standard combinations:

Unisons
Octaves
Chordal
Passagework
Tuttis

Various combinations:

The wind section is traditionally known as "woodwind" even though not all the instruments are made of wood. Woodwind usually include flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons and saxophones. The phrases "double-" "triple-" and "quadruple-" woodwind are often used. These refer to the following lineups (saxophones may be added):

Double woodwind
2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons

Triple woodwind
2 flutes + piccolo, 2 oboes + English horn, 2 clarinets + bass clarinet, 2 bassoons + contrabassoon
(N.B. this is the standard lineup for most symphony orchestras)

Quadruple woodwind
3 flutes + piccolo, 3 oboes + English horn, 3 clarinets + bass clarinet, 3 bassoons + contrabassoon

Use the links on the left to sample various woodwind scorings from the Philharmonia's recorded archive.


Solos with or without accompaniment:

Flutes

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 4
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80555
Flute tune. Accompanied by bass clarinet, and low strings.
Igor Stravinsky
Petrouchka
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK573274
Flute solo

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Oboes

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 4
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80555
A typical woodwind passage, with oboe tune and horn joining in.
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 4
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80555
An oboe melody in the low register. Bassoons accompany, and horns sustain filling-in harmony.
Igor Stravinsky
Petrouchka
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK573274
Cor anglais solo.
Gustav Holst
The Planets: Venus
Philharmonia/Gardiner
DG445 860-2
Oboe solo (upper register, piano).
Manuel de Falla
El Sombrero de Tres Picos (The Three-cornered Hat):
Farruca

Philharmonia/Giulini
EMI CDM 69037 2

Cor anglais solo.
Manuel de Falla

El Amor Brujo (Love the Magician): En la cueva

Philharmonia/Giulini
EMI CDM 69037 2

Oboe solo.
Manuel de Falla

El Amor Brujo (Love the Magician): Danza rituel del fuego (Ritual Fire Dance)

Philharmonia/Giulini
EMI CDM 69037 2

Oboe solo, later doubled on clarinet.
Magnus Lindberg
Cantigas
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony Classical SK 89810
A wide-ranging oboe solo.
Claude Debussy
La Mer
Philharmonia/Cantelli
Testament SBT 1011
Oboe in the high register.

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Clarinets

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 4
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80555
Clarinet tune with bassoon accompaniment.
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
Eb clarinet.
Peter Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Muti
EMI CZS 7 67314 2
Low clarinet in A.

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Bassoons

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Jean Sibelius
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SMK 66234
Bassoon solo over strings.
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80569
A 'character' passage for bassoon, with oboe.
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
High bassoon.

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Saxophones

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
Tenor saxophone. This is quite an old recording and the playing style is classical French, with lots of vibrato.
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
Sopranino saxophone. This is quite an old recording and the playing style is classical French, with lots of vibrato.
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
Oboes and clarinets in octaves. This is quite an old recording and the playing style is classical French, with lots of vibrato.

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Standard combinations:

Unisons

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Camille Saint-Saëns
Symphony No. 3
Philharmonia/Yu
IMP 30366 00012
Cor anglais and bassoon in unison, answered by three flutes.
Igor Stravinsky
Petrouchka
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK573274
Two high clarinets in unison.
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80569
Woodwind section in unison.
Claude Debussy
Nocturnes 2: Fetes
Philharmonia/Cantelli
Testament SBT 1011
Flutes and oboe in unison.

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Octaves

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Camille Saint-Saëns
Symphony No. 3
Philharmonia/Yu
IMP 30366 00012
Flute, clarinet and bassoon in octaves.
Jean Sibelius
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SMK 66234
Flutes, oboes and clarinets in octaves.
Igor Stravinsky
Petrouchka
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK573274
Clarinets and high bassoon in octaves.
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
Oboes and clarinets in octaves.
Manuel de Falla
El Sombrero de Tres Picos (The Three-cornered Hat):
Seguidillas

Philharmonia/Giulini
EMI CDM 69037 2

Flute and bassoon melody in double octaves.
Claude Debussy
La Mer
Philharmonia/Cantelli
Testament SBT 1011
Cor anglais, oboe and bassoon in octaves.
Peter Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Muti
EMI CZS 7 67314 2
Clarinet and bassoon in octaves.
Peter Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Muti
EMI CZS 7 67314 2
Flute, oboe and clarinet tune in octaves.

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Chordal

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80569
Horn pedals, with delicate chords in flutes and clarinets, and a strong phrase in the double reeds.
Edward Elgar
Symphony No. 1
Philharmonia/Haitink
EMI CDC 7 47673 2
Woodwind in thirds and sixths.
Edward Elgar
Symphony No. 1
Philharmonia/Haitink
EMI CDC 7 47673 2
Clarinets and flutes in thirds, accompanying.
Maurice Ravel
Bolero
Philharmonia/Maazel
EMI CDE 7 677812
Woodwinds in triads.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Symphony No. 7
Philharmonia/Klemperer
EMI 7 63354 2
Typical chordal woodwind writing.

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Passagework

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 4
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80555
A typical woodwind passage, with oboe tune and horn joining in.
Jean Sibelius
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SMK 66234
Horns 2 and 4 and bassoons descend, oboe and clarinets alternate ascending figures, with flutes taking over towards the end of the excerpt.
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80569
A decorated melody for flute, oboe and clarinet, with occasional horn.
Edward Elgar
Symphony No. 1
Philharmonia/Haitink
EMI CDC 7 47673 2
Passing phrases around the woodwind.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Symphony No. 7
Philharmonia/Klemperer
EMI 7 63354 2
Flutes with oboe, passing to oboe and clarinets, passing to bassoons with horns.

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Tuttis

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Igor Stravinsky
Le Sacre du Printemps
(The Rite of Spring)
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK45796
Woodwind tutti.
Edward Elgar
Symphony No. 1
Philharmonia/Haitink
EMI CDC 7 47673 2
Passing phrases around the woodwind.

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Various combinations:

Familiar

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Jean Sibelius
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SMK 66234
Flutes and oboes prominent over strings and horns.
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80569
A decorated melody for flute, oboe and clarinet, with occasional horn.
Claude Debussy
Nocturnes 1: Nuages
Philharmonia/Cantelli
Testament SBT 1011
Clarinets and bassoons, leading to a cor anglais solo.
Claude Debussy
Prélude a l'après-midi d'un faune
Philharmonia/Cantelli
Testament SBT 1011
The cor anglais leads a woodwind passage, with harp and strings accompanying.

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Unusual

COMPOSER
WORK
CD
EXCERPT
COMMENTS
Igor Stravinsky
Le Sacre du Printemps
(The Rite of Spring)
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK45796
Two bass clarinets, alto flute and cor anglais together.
Igor Stravinsky
Le Sacre du Printemps
(The Rite of Spring)
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK45796
Oboe, alto flute and Eb clarinet together.
Igor Stravinsky
The Rite of Spring
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK45796
Wind harmonics (with string harmonics too).
Igor Stravinsky
Petrouchka
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK573274
Clarinets and high bassoon, with piano and trumpet.
Igor Stravinsky
Petrouchka
Philharmonia/Salonen
Sony SK573274
Cor anglais and contrabassoon melody, accompanied by flute and harp.
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 5
Philharmonia/Zander
Telarc 2CD-80569
A decorated melody for flute, oboe and clarinet, with occasional horn.

 

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