THE ORCHESTRA: A USER'S MANUAL

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Introduction	Orchestration	Orchestration	Resources	Historical	Andrew Hugill
					Philharmonia

CELLO

Section: Strings
Transposing? No

Construction
Range
Bowing
Plucking
Left Hand
Mute/Harmonics
Chords
Extended
Player's Tips and Tricks

Extended techniques

NAME	DESCRIPTION	NOTATION	LISTEN/VIEW	COMMENTS
microtones	intervals smaller than a semitone	notations vary, but the following examples seem typical of quartertones: and the following typical of raised and lowered inflections:	microtones	Microtones are tricky to pitch, and can easily sound like 'out of tune' playing, particularly if attempted by an entire section at once!
scordatura tuning	retuning the strings	a verbal instruction to retune, possibly with an additional staff to show new tunings	scordatura tuning	Rare, but possible on the cello. Restrict retunings to a tone, preferably flattening.
tap instrument	tap the body of the instrument with fingers or with the bow	verbal instruction, with x-shaped noteheads for extended passages	tapping	Tapping the body or the shoulder of the cello with knuckles or palm is acceptable. Using bow or other beaters is NOT!
play behind bridge	playing the strings between the bridge and the tailpiece	verbal instruction, with x-shaped noteheads if necessary	playing behind bridge	The standard bowing and plucking techniques may be used for this effect.
bow tailpiece	bowing the tailpiece	verbal instruction	bowing the tailpiece	Soft, ghostly sound.
'silent' fingering	fingering pitches with the left hand without bowing or plucking the strings	verbal instruction	'silent' fingering	Rarely used. Quiet.