Vibrato
Notated with a verbal instruction,
sometimes with a wavy line.
Produced either by diaphragm and instrument motion used together, or by embouchure. Vibrato is used sparingly in the orchestra.
Vibrato:
Lower register
Higher register
Glissando
A slide in pitch between notes. Half-valves in the lower register, and harmonic series or 'lip' glissando in the upper register.
Low register
High
register
Trills
All trills
are possible on the tuba, but those in the bottom register
are extremely 'woolly'.
Trills:
Low
register
Mid
register
High
register
Tremolo or "Shake"
Very
slow and awkward. The pitches are indistinguishable in the bottom
register.
Tremolos:
Low register
Mid
register
High
register