Construction
Miranda Dale explains
the construction of a violin: 
There
are normally four strings on a violin, tuned to G3, D4, A4, E5
Scroll
= curved end of the violin
Peg = device for tuning strings (by altering their tension)
Peg box = the frame that holds the pegs
Nut = the ridge on the edge of the peg box that supports the strings
Neck = the extension from the body of the violin that supports the
fingerboard
Fingerboard = the wooden surface against which the fingers are pressed
f-hole = openings in the body of the violin from which the sound
emerges
Bridge = a shaped piece of thin wood supporting the strings and through
which sound is transmitted to the body
Tailpiece = anchors the strings
Chin rest = shaped wooden rest
End pin = attaches tailpiece to body of instrument
Tip =
the end point of the bow
Hairs = the stretched horsehair (or other material) which normally
makes contact with the strings
Wood = flexible, and usually supports the hairs
Frog = the heel of the bow