Legato
Legato is played without tonguing:
Legato and staccato compared:
Oboe
Low
register
Middle register
High register
Cor anglais
Low register
Middle register
Non Legato
Each individual note is tongued and separated.
Oboe
Low
register
Middle register
High register
Staccato
Short and separated notes (all tongued).
About staccato:
Oboe
Low
register
Middle register
High register
Cor anglais
Low register
Middle register
High register
Staccatissimo
Very short tongued notes. Sometimes notated as staccato
notes with the word staccatissimo (or staccatiss.) written
above.
Oboe
Low
register
Middle register
High register
Cor anglais
Low register
Middle register
High register
Combinations
Notes with both dots and slurs, or lines and slurs, vary in interpretation,
but are somewhere between legato and non legato. As the video clips
reveal, interpretations of these markings vary from player to player!
Tenuto under slur:
Staccato under slur (oboe):
Staccato under slur (cor anglais):
Oboe
Low
register
Middle register
High register
Cor anglais
Low register
"Tenuto"
Tenuto (so-called) is really a variation on non legato and is sometimes
seen with both lines and dots implying shorter note durations. Means
either a stress or sustain, depending on context.
Tenuto:
Oboe
Low
register
Middle register
High register
Cor anglais
Low register
Middle register
High register
Double & Triple Tonguing
Partial tonguing in groups of two or three (e.g. on syllables ta-ka,
or ta-ka-ka) to give a very rapid articulation.
Double tonguing (oboe):
Double tonguing (cor anglais):
Fluttertonguing
A rolled 'r' tonguing. Not all players can do fluttertonguing. Those
that cannot have to 'fake' with a throat flutter that sounds less effective.
Fluttertouguing (oboe):
Cor anglais
Low
register, separate notes
Low
register, slurred
Middle
register, separate notes
Middle
register, slurred